Publication date: Nov 27, 2024
South Africa is facing a convergence of communicable diseases (CDs) and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). There are limited data about how tobacco use contributes to the burden of these conditions, especially in rural populations. We analyzed the associations between current tobacco smoking and four important CDs and NCDs in Vukuzazi, a cross-sectional study of individuals aged 15 years and older conducted between 2018-2020 in a demographic surveillance area in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Data on HIV, active tuberculosis (TB), hypertension and diabetes mellitus were collected via direct measurement from participants. Of 18,024 participants (68% female, median age 37 years [interquartile range 23-56 years]), 1,301 (7. 2%) reported current smoking. Prevalence of HIV infection was similarly high among people who currently smoked (34. 6%) and people who had never smoked (33. 9%). However, among people living with HIV (PLWH), there was a higher prevalence of detectable viremia in people reporting current smoking compared to people who reported never smoking (28. 8% vs. 16. 6%; p-value