Eyes-closed resting state EEG reveals clearer and more stable group differences between autistic and neurotypical individuals than eyes-open resting state EEG

Publication date: Jan 12, 2025

Background: Resting-state electroencephalography (rs-EEG) has been widely used to explore neural dynamics in Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC). However, inconsistencies in findings across studies remain a challenge, partly due to variations in brain state, such as eye conditions (eyes-open vs. eyes-closed). This study aims to examine rs-EEG differences between ASC and neurotypical (NT) participants, focusing on the influence of eye condition. Methods: A total of 300 participants (126 ASC) were included. Rs-EEG data were analysed across eyes-open, eyes-closed, and difference between eye conditions, with 726 variables assessed per participant. Linear regression and effect size (partial2 ) were used to identify group differences, complemented by cluster-based permutation testing and bootstrapped split-half validation for reliability. Results: Group differences were most pronounced in the eyes-closed condition, particularly for relative power and multiscale entropy (MSE). Compared to neurotypical participants, ASC participants exhibited reduced frontal coarse-scale MSE, increased delta power, and decreased alpha power, suggesting altered local-global neural dynamics. Cross-validation revealed greater reliability of effects in the eyes-closed condition compared to eyes-open or difference between eye conditions. Conclusions: Eye condition plays a critical role in detecting rs-EEG differences between ASC and NT groups, with the eyes-closed condition yielding more consistent and pronounced effects. These findings highlight the importance of controlling brain state in rs-EEG studies and suggest that integrating eye condition effects with other biomarkers may improve identification of neural differences associated with ASC.

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Concepts Keywords
Autismdiagnosis Al
Baker Asc
Sheffieldautismbiomarkers Autism
Valuable Biorxiv
Closed
Condition
Differences
Doi
Eeg
Eye
Eyes
Group
Open
Participants
Preprint

Semantics

Type Source Name
disease MESH Autism
drug DRUGBANK N-acetylsulfanilyl chloride
drug DRUGBANK Coenzyme M
drug DRUGBANK Platelet Activating Factor
drug DRUGBANK Albendazole
drug DRUGBANK Aspartame
disease MESH clinical relevance
disease MESH ADHD
drug DRUGBANK Diethylstilbestrol
disease MESH autism spectrum disorder
disease MESH neurodevelopmental disorders
drug DRUGBANK Water
disease MESH psychiatric disorders

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