Epidemiology, microbiology and clinical impacts of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in adult patients with cystic fibrosis.

Epidemiology, microbiology and clinical impacts of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in adult patients with cystic fibrosis.

Publication date: Jan 15, 2025

Due to its increasing prevalence and suboptimal treatment, non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection is an emerging problem in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Detailed description of regional NTM prevalence and distribution, and identification of predictors of NTM acquisition in CF are essential to optimise treatment and surveillance guidelines. A retrospective, multi-center analysis was conducted between the years 2020 and 2022 on data from 232 adult patients registered in the Hungarian CF Registry in 2022. In a case-control analysis of NTM-positive (n = 39) and NTM-negative (n = 73) CF patients, demographic, clinical, and microbiological data were analysed to identify potential predictors for NTM acquisition. The distribution of NTM species, their antibiotic susceptibility patterns were also evaluated. The prevalence of NTM-positive sputum increased from 4. 7 % to 12. 9 % over study period. The most prevalent NTMs were M. avium complex (41. 0 %), M. abscessus complex (MABSC) (38. 5 %) and M. xenopi (15. 4 %). MABSC strains were highly resistant to doxycycline, fluoroquinolones, and sulfonamides, while amikacin, macrolides, tigecycline and linezolid were often effective. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV) was lower in the NTM-positive group at the index date and 1 and 2 years before NTM detection (p

Concepts Keywords
Clinical Antibiotic susceptibility
Fluoroquinolones Bronchiectasis
Hungarian Lung function
Increasing Mycobacterium abscessus
Mycobacterial Mycobacterium avium
NTM screening

Semantics

Type Source Name
disease MESH cystic fibrosis
disease MESH infection
disease IDO susceptibility
drug DRUGBANK Doxycycline
drug DRUGBANK Amikacin
drug DRUGBANK Tigecycline
drug DRUGBANK Linezolid
disease MESH Bronchiectasis

Original Article

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