Publication date: Mar 25, 2025

COVID-19 (2019) clearly demonstrates an imbalanced immune response. Variations in the function and subtypes of dendritic cells (DCs) may have effects on immune responses in COVID-19 patients and contribute to immunopathology. To assess the phenotype and frequency of Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), Conventional DCs (cDCs), and double-positive DCs in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU and non-ICU compared to the healthy control group. The study included 10 healthy individuals and 25 COVID-19 patients. In the second week of their illness, Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from the patients and labeled with targeted antibodies for HLA-DR, CD123, and CD11c. The samples were then analyzed using flow cytometry. The COVID-19 patients were divided into two ICU and non-ICU groups and were closely monitored throughout the study. In comparison to healthy controls, COVID-19 patients exhibited a significantly lower pDCs ratio (P=0. 04). Patients were categorized into two groups: (A) the ICU group (n=11; 44%) and (B) the non-ICU group (n=14; 56%). The frequency of pDC was significantly lower in ICU patients than in non-ICU patients (P

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