From Microbial Homeostasis to Systemic Pathogenesis: A Narrative Review

From Microbial Homeostasis to Systemic Pathogenesis: A Narrative Review

Publication date: Jul 05, 2025

Fecal transplantation has been shown to alter both the gut and mammary tumor microbiota, suggesting a link between the gut and mammary microbiota. Although further studies are needed, the hyperactivation of natural immune cells in the gut of HD patients may play a key role in gut dysbiosis. Metabolic disease research demonstrates: Diabetic patients decreased butyrate-producing bacteria directly correlate with insulin resistance, with microbiota modulation strategies partially reversing glucose metabolic abnormalities. Among these, the gut microbiota (GM) represents the functionally most sophisticated microbial consortium, whose metabolic potential exceeds the human genome by two orders of magnitude. Compared to healthy controls, the urinary microbiota composition in patients with genitourinary cancers exhibited significant differences. Within psychiatric disorders: Depressed patients show reduced short-chain fatty acid SCFAs levels closely associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity. Gut microbiota dysbiosis manifests as increased abundance of Helicobacter spp.

Concepts Keywords
Faecalis139149151 Abundance
Microbiotaincluding Acid
Rich Axis
Schizophrenia Brain
Shotgun Composition
Disorders
Dysbiosis
Gut
Immune
Including
Intestinal
Lung
Metabolic
Microbial
Microbiota

Semantics

Type Source Name
disease MESH inflammation
disease MESH abnormalities
disease MESH lifestyle
pathway KEGG Insulin resistance
disease MESH insulin resistance
disease MESH tryptophan
drug DRUGBANK L-Tryptophan
disease MESH dysbiosis
pathway REACTOME Metabolism
disease MESH pathological processes
pathway REACTOME Release
disease MESH viral infections
drug DRUGBANK Nitric Oxide
drug DRUGBANK Palmitoleic Acid
drug DRUGBANK Calcium
disease MESH neurodegenerative disorder
disease MESH dementia
disease MESH Pathogenesis
disease MESH inflammatory bowel diseases
drug DRUGBANK Butyric Acid
disease MESH neurological disorders
disease MESH depression
disease MESH schizophrenia
disease MESH bipolar disorder
disease MESH metabolic diseases
disease MESH obesity
disease MESH diabetes mellitus
disease MESH postmenopausal osteoporosis
disease MESH gout
disease MESH tumorigenesis
disease MESH gastrointestinal disorders
disease MESH neuroinflammation
drug DRUGBANK Isoxaflutole
disease MESH chorea
disease MESH comorbidity
drug DRUGBANK Rotenone
disease MESH disease progression
disease MESH muscle rigidity
disease MESH resting tremor
disease MESH sialorrhea
disease MESH dysphagia
drug DRUGBANK Binetrakin
disease MESH periodontitis
drug DRUGBANK Melatonin
disease MESH amyloid plaque
disease MESH PRRs
pathway REACTOME Immune System
drug DRUGBANK Corticotropin
drug DRUGBANK Hydrocortisone
disease MESH apathy
disease MESH suicide
disease MESH Major depressive disorder
disease MESH psychiatric disorders
pathway REACTOME Fatty acids
disease MESH spastic cerebral palsy
drug DRUGBANK Propanoic acid
drug DRUGBANK Sertraline
drug DRUGBANK Proline
drug DRUGBANK gamma-Aminobutyric acid
disease MESH anxiety
drug DRUGBANK Serotonin
drug DRUGBANK Metformin
drug DRUGBANK Indole
drug DRUGBANK Riboprine
pathway KEGG Ferroptosis
disease MESH myocardial ischemia
disease MESH infections
drug DRUGBANK Tropicamide
disease MESH psychosis
drug DRUGBANK Risperidone
disease MESH immune disorders
disease MESH depressive disorder
disease MESH mitochondrial dysfunction
disease MESH oxidative stress
disease MESH mania
disease MESH relapse
pathway REACTOME Translation
disease MESH nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
disease MESH dyslipidemia
disease MESH impaired glucose tolerance
disease MESH hypertension
disease MESH cardiovascular disease
disease MESH morbidity
drug DRUGBANK Lactic Acid
disease MESH type 2 diabetes mellitus
disease MESH endotoxemia
disease MESH prediabetes
drug DRUGBANK Dextrose unspecified form
disease MESH type 1 diabetes
disease MESH osteoporosis
disease MESH hyperuricemia
drug DRUGBANK Uric Acid
disease MESH metastasis
disease MESH cause of death
disease MESH cancer
disease MESH lung cancer
drug DRUGBANK Gamolenic acid
disease MESH respiratory diseases
disease MESH COPD
disease MESH cystic fibrosis
disease MESH respiratory infections
disease MESH asthma
pathway KEGG Asthma
disease MESH lung diseases
disease MESH non-small cell lung cancer
pathway KEGG Non-small cell lung cancer
disease MESH squamous cell carcinoma
disease MESH adenocarcinoma
disease MESH lung adenocarcinomas
drug DRUGBANK Sapropterin
pathway REACTOME Apoptosis
pathway REACTOME DNA Repair
disease MESH Breast cancer
pathway KEGG Breast cancer
disease MESH Mastitis
disease MESH triple-negative breast cancer
disease MESH endoplasmic reticulum stress
disease MESH shock
drug DRUGBANK Ampicillin
drug DRUGBANK Cholesterol
drug DRUGBANK Arachidonic Acid
drug DRUGBANK Norepinephrine
disease MESH adenitis
pathway KEGG Arachidonic acid metabolism
disease MESH prostate cancers
drug DRUGBANK Pidolic Acid
disease MESH genitourinary cancers
drug DRUGBANK BCG vaccine
disease MESH bladder cancer
pathway KEGG Bladder cancer
drug DRUGBANK Huperzine B
disease MESH metabolic syndromes
disease MESH clinical significance

Original Article

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