New study links Neanderthal DNA to autism spectrum traits

Publication date: Jul 09, 2025

This suggests that these ancient genes might sculpt a cognitive profile tuned for intense observation and precise motor planning. Archaeologists have noted similar cognitive strengths in Neanderthal craftsmanship. Crucially, it was not the overall amount of Neanderthal DNA, but possessing particular snippets that correlated with ASD. One notable pattern involved genes regulating communication between distant brain regions. Instead, it wove together strengths from multiple ancestors, leaving genetic fingerprints that continue to shape human cognition, perception, and innovation today. By Vugar Khalilov When Homo sapiens interbred with them, these perceptual talents may have been advantageous enough to persist. The study emphasizes that it does not argue that Neanderthal DNA causes autism. The researchers found that both rare and common Neanderthal-derived variants appeared more often in autistic participants. Rather, it suggests that a handful of inherited genetic tweaks can raise the odds of certain traits emerging along a spectrum. Visual-processing circuits showed heightened activity, while the default mode network, linked to daydreaming and social reflection, ran cooler.

Semantics

Original Article