Publication date: Jul 09, 2025
Traditional tuberculosis (TB) screening involves radiologists manually reviewing chest X-rays (CXR), which is time-consuming, error-prone, and limited by workforce shortages. Our AI model, AIRIS-TB (AI Radiology In Screening TB), aims to address these challenges by automating the reporting of all X-rays without any findings. AIRIS-TB was evaluated on over one million CXRs, achieving an AUC of 98. 51% and overall false negative rate (FNR) of 1. 57%, outperforming radiologists (1. 85%) while maintaining a 0% TB-FNR. By selectively deferring only cases with findings to radiologists, the model has the potential to automate up to 80% of routine CXR reporting. Subgroup analysis revealed insignificant performance disparities across age, sex, HIV status, and region of origin, with sputum tests for suspected TB showing a strong correlation with model predictions. This large-scale validation demonstrates AIRIS-TB’s safety and efficiency in high-volume TB screening programs, reducing radiologist workload without compromising diagnostic accuracy.
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| Concepts | Keywords |
|---|---|
| Hiv | Airis |
| Informatics | Cross |
| Outperforming | Cxr |
| Radiology | Cxrs |
| Tb | Findings |
| Fnr | |
| Observational | |
| Population | |
| Radiologists | |
| Rays | |
| Reporting | |
| Scale | |
| Screening | |
| Sectional | |
| Tb |
Semantics
| Type | Source | Name |
|---|---|---|
| disease | MESH | tuberculosis |
| pathway | KEGG | Tuberculosis |
| disease | MESH | morbidity |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Coenzyme M |
| disease | MESH | pneumothorax |
| disease | MESH | scoliosis |
| disease | MESH | abnormalities |
| disease | MESH | fibrosis |
| disease | MESH | cardiomegaly |
| disease | IDO | process |
| disease | IDO | country |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Saquinavir |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Gold |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Methionine |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Trestolone |
| disease | IDO | site |
| disease | MESH | privacy |
| disease | MESH | pulmonary tuberculosis |
| disease | MESH | uncertainty |
| disease | MESH | Interstitial lung diseases |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Flunarizine |
| disease | MESH | pleural effusion |
| pathway | REACTOME | Reproduction |