Vasculitis syndromes: the pathogenic roles of COVID-19 and related vaccinations.

ingentiumby ingentium

In Coronavirus Literature.

Vasculitis syndromes: the pathogenic roles of COVID-19 and related vaccinations.

Publication date: Dec 09, 2025

Infection by SARS-CoV-2 has contributed to more than four million deaths worldwide. Based on clinical observations, it has been revealed that the virus can easily disturb the function of various organs in the body. Besides its main damage to the respiratory system, the extra-pulmonary manifestations are deemed to be common in affected patients even after COVID-19 vaccination. COVID-19 has been accompanied by various types of skin manifestations, including varicella-like exanthemas, dengue-like petechial rashes, or urticarial eruptions. However, not only have viral rashes been related to COVID-19, but also other types of skin symptoms that are reminiscent of a vascular disease, such as acro-ischaemic lesions. This literature review aims to provide information on various forms of COVID-19-induced vasculitis and vasculitis following vaccination. It has been hypothesized that various forms of vasculitis can be considered as pathological consequences following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Numerous suggested mechanisms are involved in vasculitis, including the deregulation of the immune system, increased activation of mastocyte, augmented production of proinflammatory cytokines, which in turn lead to indirect endothelial damage, complement system activation, recruitment of neutrophils, and deposition of immune complexes. Based on previous studies, the mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine is much more implicated in relation to vasculitis. SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 vaccination lead to the onset and relapse of different types of vasculitis that should be clinically evaluated by exact monitoring.

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Concepts Keywords
Deregulation COVID-19
Easily Inflammation
Endothelial Vaccine
Vaccination Vasculitis
Virus

Semantics

Type Source Name
disease MESH Vasculitis
disease MESH syndromes
disease MESH COVID-19
disease MESH Infection
disease MESH skin manifestations
disease MESH varicella
disease MESH dengue
disease MESH vascular disease
pathway REACTOME SARS-CoV-2 Infection
pathway REACTOME Immune System
disease MESH relapse
disease MESH Long Covid
pathway REACTOME Reproduction
disease MESH included
drug DRUGBANK Coenzyme M
disease MESH inflammation
drug DRUGBANK Sulodexide
disease MESH death
disease MESH PCD
disease MESH hypersensitivity
drug DRUGBANK Histamine
disease MESH cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis
disease MESH cancers
disease MESH pain
disease MESH fever
disease MESH viral infection
drug DRUGBANK Hydroxychloroquine
drug DRUGBANK Azithromycin
disease MESH anorexia
disease MESH leukocytoclastic vasculitis
disease MESH injury
drug DRUGBANK Lopinavir
drug DRUGBANK Ritonavir
drug DRUGBANK Omalizumab
disease MESH Aortitis
disease MESH pneumonia
disease MESH ischemic stroke
disease MESH leukocytosis
disease MESH cerebral vasculitis
disease MESH systemic vasculitis
pathway REACTOME Glucose metabolism
disease MESH ANCA associated vasculitis
disease MESH glomerulonephritis
disease MESH lung disease
drug DRUGBANK Rituximab
disease MESH thrombosis
disease MESH asymptomatic infection
drug DRUGBANK Cyclophosphamide
drug DRUGBANK Methylprednisolone
disease MESH renal failure
pathway REACTOME Apoptosis
disease MESH systemic lupus erythematosus
pathway KEGG Systemic lupus erythematosus
disease MESH microscopic polyangiitis
drug DRUGBANK Medroxyprogesterone acetate
drug DRUGBANK Resiniferatoxin
drug DRUGBANK Enoxaparin
drug DRUGBANK Oxygen
drug DRUGBANK Methionine
disease MESH coronary disease
disease MESH polyarteritis nodosa
disease MESH IgA vasculitis
disease MESH purpura
disease MESH thrombocytopenic purpura
disease MESH arthritis
disease MESH arthralgia
disease MESH abdominal pain
disease MESH IgA nephropathy
disease MESH nephritis
disease MESH rash
disease MESH hypertension
disease MESH stenosis
disease MESH rupture
disease MESH neurologic dysfunction
pathway REACTOME Release
disease MESH Peripheral neuropathy
disease MESH zoster
disease MESH critical illness
disease MESH encephalopathy
disease MESH nervous system injury
disease MESH cytokine storm
disease MESH acute transverse myelitis
disease MESH meningitis
disease MESH headache
disease MESH hemorrhagic stroke
disease MESH cardiomyopathy
disease MESH stroke
drug DRUGBANK Pentaerythritol tetranitrate
disease MESH demyelination
disease MESH fluent aphasia
disease MESH hemiparesis
disease MESH infarcts
disease MESH Cutaneous Vasculitis
disease MESH chilblain
disease MESH livedo reticularis
disease MESH urticaria
disease MESH maculopapular exanthems
disease MESH secondary infection
disease MESH rheumatic diseases
disease MESH reactive arthritis
disease MESH necrosis
disease MESH scar
disease MESH sclerosis
disease MESH autoimmune diseases
disease MESH pruritus
disease MESH Ulcers
disease MESH myalgia
disease MESH diarrhea
disease MESH melena
disease MESH cough
disease MESH hematochezia
disease MESH rheumatoid arthritis
pathway KEGG Rheumatoid arthritis
drug DRUGBANK Adalimumab
drug DRUGBANK Favipiravir
disease MESH gangrene
disease MESH diabetes mellitus
drug DRUGBANK Medical air
disease MESH hyperpigmentation
drug DRUGBANK Prednisone
disease MESH psoriasis
disease MESH psoriatic arthritis
disease MESH IBS
disease MESH depressive disorder
drug DRUGBANK Famciclovir
disease MESH acute kidney injury
disease MESH granulomas
disease MESH sarcoidosis
disease MESH hypothyroidism
disease MESH tic
disease MESH fibrocystic mastopathy
disease MESH edema
drug DRUGBANK Prednisolone
disease MESH anisocoria
disease MESH intracerebral hemorrhage
disease MESH vascular malformations
disease MESH hematoma
disease MESH hypoalbuminemia
disease MESH proteinuria
drug DRUGBANK Propylthiouracil
disease MESH Graves’ disease
disease MESH erythema
disease MESH cervicalgia
disease MESH liver cirrhosis
drug DRUGBANK Azathioprine
disease MESH otitis media
disease MESH fatigue
disease MESH hearing impairment
disease MESH mixed hearing loss
disease MESH arteritis
disease MESH dermatitis
disease MESH anti GBM disease
disease MESH traps
disease MESH syncope
disease MESH venous thrombosis
drug DRUGBANK Angiotensin II
disease MESH immunothrombosis
disease MESH microangiopathic hemolytic anemias
disease MESH thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
disease MESH hemolytic uremic syndrome
disease MESH lupus glomerulonephritis
disease MESH ecchymosis
drug DRUGBANK Aspartame
disease MESH vascular injury
drug DRUGBANK Bismuth subgallate
disease MESH strains
disease MESH immune system disease
disease MESH Asthma
pathway KEGG Asthma
disease MESH chronic hepatitis
disease MESH cryoglobulinemia
disease MESH JPS
disease MESH MLD
disease MESH kidney diseases
disease MESH trochlear nerve palsy
disease MESH Neuroinflammation
disease MESH severe acute respiratory syndrome
disease MESH coronavirus infection
disease MESH ischemia
disease MESH bursitis
disease MESH Infectious Diseases
disease MESH Nephrotic syndrome
disease MESH TdO
disease MESH SMS
drug DRUGBANK Hyaluronic acid

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